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This route maps directly to the existing Save The Creators well-being issue page rather than inventing a separate evidence base.
Burnout, lack of healthcare, mental health crises, and the human cost of creative gig work.
97 documented items tie this concern to 43 different creative disciplines in the current dataset.
Each group below points back to a discipline page and the original source links behind it.
2 evidence items
Roughly 40-43% of independent American artists lack health insurance—double the general population's uninsured rate. This is a consequence of low incomes and gig-based work without employer coverage. Benefits like retirement plans or disability support are almost nonexistent.
Many aging artists have no retirement savings or pensions; some are selling their song catalogs for large lump sums essentially as a retirement plan. This reflects the lack of safety net for musicians who spent careers creating valuable IP but earning little from it.
Source: LA Times - Catalog Sales as Retirement4 evidence items
A 2024 CNBC report, citing NeoReach data, notes that nearly 48% of creators earn $15,000 or less annually from their content, even as the broader creator market grows into a multibillion-dollar industry. For podcasters, this means the majority operate at side-income levels while still paying for hosting, equipment, and editing—effectively subsidising platforms and advertisers with low-paid or unpaid labour and carrying chronic income insecurity. Algorithmic volatility on major platforms makes earnings unpredictable, driving many to seek subscription-based alternatives.
Guru's 2023 guidance for hiring freelance audio engineers notes that independents with their own equipment typically charge $35–$75 per hour, while average U.S. earnings around $26.50/hour must cover studio gear, software, space, and non-billable time. This cost structure, combined with irregular bookings, produces a "feast or famine" pattern where headline hourly rates mask significant financial precarity. Many engineers effectively subsidise client budgets by absorbing equipment depreciation and unpaid administrative hours.
SonicScoop's 2025 report finds that while the Bureau of Labor Statistics counts only 13,050 salaried "sound engineering technicians" nationwide, the actual workforce including freelancers may be closer to 146,100—meaning there are roughly 5 to 8 freelancers for every salaried position. The median freelance income of $56,600 represents a 22% increase since 2019 but still lags behind the 26% cumulative inflation rate over the same period, meaning audio engineers' real earnings have declined. Job growth projections have also dropped sharply, from 10% in the 2023 report to just 3–5% currently.
The 2025 Creators 4 Mental Health study of 542 North American creators found that 65% experience anxiety or depression related to their work and 62% report burnout, with the figure rising to 80% among those with eight or more years of experience. Only 8% described their mental health as excellent, and one in ten have had suicidal thoughts tied to their work—nearly double the national average. Financial instability affects 69% of respondents, and 89% say they lack access to specialised mental-health resources. Two-thirds want income stability tools built into platforms, and more than half would use therapy or peer-support programmes tailored to creators.
3 evidence items
Small-firm practice coaches and architects describe a recurring "feast or famine" pattern in independent architecture: periods of intense overwork when multiple projects land at once, followed by cash-flow droughts between major commissions, which makes stable planning and payroll extremely difficult. This volatility is a defining stressor for independent practitioners compared with salaried roles, contributing to chronic uncertainty about income and making it nearly impossible to plan for hiring, equipment purchases, or personal financial goals.
Source: Feast or Famine in Architecture PracticeProfessional liability guidance for architects and engineers emphasises that claims can arise years after project completion, covering allegations of design errors, omissions, or building failures that may cause injury or property damage. This long-tail exposure and the potential severity of claims mean architects must carry ongoing coverage and live with the persistent risk of litigation, which adds a distinct psychological burden compared with many other creative professions. Unlike most creative fields, architects face potential personal financial ruin from a single project gone wrong.
Source: Architects and Engineers Professional Liability Insurance: 2025 CostA 2021 Monograph survey of 225 architects found that 96.9% reported experiencing burnout in the workplace. The three primary contributing factors identified were heavy workload, long hours including unpaid time, and limited control over work with numerous dependencies. Burnout impacts creativity and the quality of work, affecting both mental and physical health. Architects face unique compound pressures: managing client expectations, adhering to safety regulations, and balancing artistic creativity with technical precision, all while being systematically underpaid and undervalued relative to comparable professions.
1 evidence item
The "Panic! Social Class, Taste and Inequalities in the Creative Industries" report found that only 18% of the arts and cultural workforce comes from working-class backgrounds, compared to 37% in medicine and 44% in financial services. This "class ceiling" is reinforced by unpaid internships, low initial wages, and the expectation of financial support during early career stages, limiting socioeconomic diversity in the field.
4 evidence items
In February 2025, Technicolor Group — parent of Oscar-winning VFX houses MPC and The Mill — abruptly shut down operations, affecting over 10,000 workers worldwide. More than 2,000 employees in India faced severe financial distress. Projects for Disney, Paramount, and others were left in limbo. The collapse followed post-COVID recovery costs, the writers' strike production slowdown, and chronic underbidding in an industry where VFX studios routinely operate on razor-thin margins.
Los Angeles County lost 42,000 film and television jobs between 2022 and 2024 — nearly a third of its entertainment workforce — dropping from approximately 142,000 to 100,000 positions. Television shoot days in greater L.A. fell from a peak of 18,560 in 2021 to just 7,716 in 2024, a decline of 58%. As of 2024, entertainment jobs remained 25% below their 2022 peak, with no recovery in sight.
A Film+TV Charity survey of 9,000 industry workers found that 90% had experienced mental health problems linked to poor working conditions and bullying culture — compared to 65% in the wider population. Most alarmingly, 55% said they had considered taking their own life. A 2015 Australian study found entertainment industry workers had rates of moderate to severe anxiety 10 times higher than the general public. The Whole Picture Programme launched in 2020 with a 10-year plan to address these systemic issues.
Documentary filmmakers experience both first-hand trauma from dangerous field conditions and vicarious trauma from absorbing subjects' distress. Oscar-nominated filmmaker Matthew Heineman testified to suffering PTSD and perpetual nightmares after being embedded with Mexican drug cartels and American forces in Afghanistan. Editors face compounded exposure by rewatching traumatic footage for days. Unlike therapists — whose role filmmakers' work often mirrors — documentarians receive no mandatory training, supervision networks, or mental health support infrastructure.
Source: IndieWire - The Documentary Film Industry Is in Crisis: The Unspoken Traumas of the Filmmaking Community2 evidence items
Canva laid off its technical writers as part of its AI push, a pattern replicated across the tech industry where AI was responsible for nearly 55,000 U.S. layoffs in 2025 alone. One company cut 10-12 technical writers nine months after mandating generative AI tools. Industry observers predict surviving technical writers will increasingly be relegated to post-editing AI-generated text -- a mind-numbing task warranting lower pay. Despite this, 55% of employers reported regretting AI-driven layoffs, with many having cut workers for AI capabilities that don't yet exist.
Screenwriters reported that streaming residuals bear no relation to a show's success, unlike traditional broadcast residuals. One writer received a highest streaming residual check of just $1,700 for a network show moved to streaming, with typical amounts between $400-$600. Some writers reported checks under $1 for streaming residuals. In 2001, median pay in film and TV was roughly equal at $105,000-$108,000; by 2014, median film writer pay had dropped to $77,000 (in 2021 dollars). Median weekly writer-producer pay declined 23% in real terms over the decade.
3 evidence items
97% of professional ballet dancers reported at least one injury during a single season, with an incidence rate of 4.44 injuries per 1,000 hours of dance. 28% reported a mental health problem during the same period. Professional modern dancers have an average career length of just 8.9 years. Up to 77% of dance injuries occur in the lower extremity, with foot, ankle, and lumbar spine being most common.
Stage managers routinely work 60-75 hours per week during rehearsals, tech, and previews. While singers under AGMA contracts hit overtime after 6 hours per day and 30 hours per week, stage managers at many companies are expected to work 10-hour days or 60-hour weeks before overtime kicks in — yielding an effective rate of approximately $23/hour on a $1,400/week salary. "We literally can't call in sick," one stage manager reported. "We've all done shows puking in the booth."
One in five professional dancers (20.8%) showed moderate or severe symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety, or eating disorders — rates significantly higher than the general population. Across the broader performing arts, individuals in creative industries experience rates of depression five times greater than the general population. Over half (56%) of performers in one study reported at least one current or past mental health diagnosis, with 52% scoring above clinical cut-offs for likely depression.
3 evidence items
On February 4, 2026, The Washington Post laid off all nine remaining staff photographers as part of a restructuring that eliminated 300 journalist positions — more than 30% of the newsroom. Staff photographer Marvin Joseph had spent nearly three decades at the paper, which once employed around 35 staff photographers. The Post joins a nationwide pattern in which entire newspaper photography departments have been dissolved.
Pew Research Center analysis found that newspaper photographers, artists, and videographers were cut by 43% — from 6,171 in 2000 to 3,493 in 2012 — a steeper decline than any other newsroom role. By comparison, reporters and writers fell 32% over the same period. From 2010–2012 alone, full-time visual journalists saw an 18% reduction. In May 2013, the Chicago Sun-Times axed its entire 28-person photography department, signaling an industry-wide devaluation of professional photojournalism.
Freelance photojournalists must self-fund camera, lighting, computer equipment, software, and insurance — costs ranging from $5,000 to $20,000 — just to be able to accept assignments. They are expected to front hundreds or thousands in travel expenses, often with delayed or uncertain reimbursement. Unlike staff journalists, freelancers receive no benefits, no steady paychecks, and no employer-provided gear. This financial barrier to entry disproportionately excludes early-career and under-resourced photojournalists.
4 evidence items
In 2024, approximately 14,600 game industry workers lost their jobs -- a 39% increase over 2023's 10,500 layoffs. The largest rounds hit Microsoft (2,800 people), Unity (1,800 people), and Sony (1,339 people). Entire studios were shuttered, including Tango Gameworks, Arkane Austin, and Firewalk Studios. The real number, accounting for unannounced cuts, is estimated at over 16,000.
The GDC 2025 survey of over 3,000 developers found that 11% were laid off in the past year and 41% were impacted by layoffs on their teams. Narrative designers were hardest hit, with 19% reporting layoffs. The percentage of developers working 51+ hours per week rose from 8% to 13%, and 30% now believe generative AI is negatively impacting the industry -- a 12-point increase year-over-year. Meanwhile, 58% of developers support unionization.
Rest of World reported that Chinese game studios had already begun replacing concept artists with AI-generated art, with some studios reducing art teams significantly. Globally, 26% of illustrators report losing jobs to AI. Concept art that once took two weeks can now be produced in under 48 hours using AI. The GDC 2025 survey found 30% of developers believe generative AI negatively impacts the industry, with ethical concerns, IP theft, and job displacement most cited.
An IGDA survey found that 62% of game developers experience crunch, with half working over 60 hours per week and 17% exceeding 70 hours. Developers describe sleepless nights, missed family milestones, and deteriorating mental health, including burnout, anxiety, and repetitive strain injuries. A separate study found 51% of tech workers have been diagnosed with a mental health condition, with 80% of those reporting it affects their work. The GDC 2025 survey shows developers working 51+ hours per week rose from 8% to 13%.
2 evidence items
Reporters Without Borders' 2024 Round-up documented 54 journalists killed worldwide in connection with their work, with conflict zones accounting for a record share of deaths since 2020. The Gaza Strip alone accounted for nearly 30% of journalists killed on the job. A total of 550 journalists are currently imprisoned globally -- a 7% increase year-over-year -- with China (124), Myanmar (61), Israel (41), and Belarus (40) holding almost half of all detained journalists. Over 700 journalists received emergency assistance from RSF in 2024, with more than 70% of funds allocated to relocating professionals forced to flee. The 2025 World Press Freedom Index found that 4.25 billion people -- more than half the world's population -- live in countries where press freedom is in a "very serious" situation, with the number of bright-red countries doubling from 21 to 42 in five years.
Poynter reports on a Muck Rack survey of 402 journalists finding that 56% considered quitting their jobs due to burnout in 2024, and 40% have previously quit a job because of it. A Reynolds Journalism Institute study found 84% of current journalists and 88% of former journalists say burnout has impacted them personally. Only 24% of journalists have access to mental health resources, and nearly 60% said their workplace does not offer mental health services. Between 4% and 59% of journalists show symptoms of PTSD depending on their beat, with 96% reporting trouble "switching off" after work.
3 evidence items
Data from job site Indeed shows a 71% decrease in UX designer job openings and a 73% decrease in UX research job postings compared to their 2022 peaks. UX research positions specifically decreased by 89% from the peak in 2022 to January 2024. In February 2025, tech layoffs spiked to over 16,084. Design and product teams are consistently among the first to be cut, with mass layoffs continuing across startups, media, retail, and fintech — not just Big Tech.
Freelance motion graphics designers face significant income volatility, with salaries ranging from $40K to $88.5K annually and hourly rates of $30–$59 on platforms like Upwork. A core challenge in mapping motion design compensation is that so many professionals in the industry pull the majority of their income from freelance projects rather than stable employment. Freelancers encounter fluctuating workloads, tight deadlines, and the constant pressure of finding commissions, with those starting out often unable to find enough work or sufficiently paying projects to sustain themselves.
A graphic design degree cuts unemployment risk nearly in half (2.9% vs. 5.6% for those without degrees) and qualifies graduates for nearly 10 times as many job listings. However, self-taught designers — increasingly common in web and digital design — face significant career barriers including skills gaps, difficulty accessing corporate positions, and the lack of a universally recognized credential. With more than 250,000 designers competing in the U.S. market and demand shifting rapidly from print to digital, many graduates find their investment in education misaligned with a profession where entry-level salaries average $44,837 and the field is growing at just 2.1%.
1 evidence item
People in creative industries are three times more likely to experience mental health issues, and fashion workers are 25% more likely to suffer than the general population. Designers now typically produce six or more collections per year, with cycle times compressed from six months to approximately three weeks. A Deloitte survey found half of respondents experienced at least one symptom of burnout. An exclusive Vogue Business survey of 600+ fashion professionals reveals systemic discrimination, unsustainable lifestyles, and widespread burnout are spurring industry-wide dissatisfaction.
2 evidence items
An industry survey found that 70% of VFX workers report having worked uncompensated overtime, and 75% were forced to work through legally mandated meal breaks and rest periods without compensation. Roughly two-thirds of VFX workers believe their working conditions are not sustainable due to a severe lack of health care, retirement options, overtime pay, and training. 75% of workers employed by major film studios had no access to employer-provided training or educational resources.
In September 2023, Marvel Studios VFX workers voted unanimously to unionize with IATSE — the first time in the VFX industry's half-century history that a unit of solely VFX workers unionized. Walt Disney Pictures and Avatar franchise VFX workers followed. Their first contracts secured guaranteed overtime pay, minimum-hour guarantees, and health and pension benefits representing ~$13/hour in additional compensation per employee. Despite this milestone, the vast majority of the global VFX workforce — estimated at over 100,000 — remains non-union.
2 evidence items
Rising fuel prices plunged Murano, Italy's historic glassmaking island, into existential uncertainty. Gas prices tripled, reaching EUR 1.40 per cubic metre. Murano's furnaces consume as much as 40,000 cubic metres of gas per month in larger workshops, where monthly gas bills would normally run around EUR 6,000 but surged to EUR 18,000+. Studios survive through a combination of government financial aid and energy-saving measures, with some workshops shutting down furnaces entirely. Startup costs for a new glassblowing studio require a $160,000 outlay for furnaces and ovens alone, plus $100,000 for ventilation and facility modifications.
Steel and aluminum tariffs doubled to 50% in June 2025, triggering a 40.5% increase in material costs since February 2020. Construction-grade steel surged more than 20% in a single year, and four major rebar manufacturers raised prices by $60/ton. Softwood lumber prices remain 12.2% higher than the previous year. For metalworkers and blacksmiths, over 40% of consumers already cite material cost as a barrier to purchasing handmade goods. These tariff-driven price spikes force artisans to either absorb losses or raise prices beyond what customers will pay, creating an unsustainable squeeze on craft livelihoods.
3 evidence items
A landmark study by Creators 4 Mental Health (C4MH), highlighted by Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, found that 10% of content creators report suicidal thoughts related to their work—nearly double the rate of the broader U.S. population. 62% experience burnout, 69% obsess over content performance metrics, and 69% deal with unstable income. Amanda Yarnell of Harvard's Center for Health Communication described the findings as revealing "the financial pressure, the obsession over content performance, the burnout, the constant toxicity, and the isolation."
In a sweeping survey, 89% of creators reported lacking access to specialized mental health resources and benefits. Creative fatigue is the most frequently cited burnout cause (40%), followed by demanding workloads (31%) and constant screen time (27%). More than 1.8 million people now identify as full-time creators—an eightfold increase since 2020—yet the industry provides almost no institutional support for their well-being.
Over 52% of content creators have experienced burnout as a direct result of their career, leading nearly two in five (37%) to actively consider leaving the profession. Creators function as an unprotected workforce—no health insurance, no retirement benefits, no unemployment protections, no paid leave. The average creator requires over six months of work before earning their first dollar, yet 46.7% identify as full-time creators, bearing all entrepreneurial risk without any of the safety nets afforded to traditional employees.
2 evidence items
Over 80% of hospitality professionals have reported experiencing at least one mental health issue during their career. 74% of chefs are sleep-deprived to the point of exhaustion, 63% report feeling depressed, and 53% say they have been pushed to the breaking point. Substance abuse disorder rates in the restaurant industry run at 17%, the highest of any sector.
Approximately 17% of restaurants close within their first year, nearly 50% fail within five years, and only 35% survive beyond ten years. Over 72,000 restaurants closed in the U.S. in 2024 alone. 88% of operators reported increased labor costs, with 82% of business failures tied to cash flow problems. For chefs who are also owners, each closure represents not just a job loss but the destruction of their creative platform and life savings.
3 evidence items
When the Log4j vulnerability (Log4Shell) was discovered in December 2021, volunteer maintainers found themselves working 22-hour days for free to patch a flaw affecting billions of machines worldwide. Companies that had used Log4j for years without contributing suddenly demanded immediate fixes and round-the-clock support. The crisis exemplified a structural failure: the average unpaid open source maintainer spends 8.8 hours per week on their projects, with popular projects hitting 20-30 hours -- essentially a part-time job with zero compensation.
The U.S. arts sector faces a converging funding crisis: state arts appropriations dropped 8.1% in FY2025 (from $755M to $694.3M), translating to just $2.02 per capita in public arts funding. The Trump administration proposed eliminating the National Endowment for the Arts entirely, and in May 2025 cancelled hundreds of grants, giving organizations only seven days to appeal. New Hampshire slashed its arts council allocation by 90% (from $1.5M to $150,000). New media and technology-based art, already poorly served by traditional funding categories, faces disproportionate impact as the agencies most likely to fund experimental work are dismantled.
The tech industry laid off approximately 122,549 workers across 257 companies in 2025, following 95,000 layoffs in 2024 and 200,000 in 2023. Creative technology roles -- which sit at the intersection of engineering and art -- are particularly vulnerable as companies cut experimental and innovation departments during downturns. Creative technologists face compounded instability: too technical for arts organizations, too artistic for engineering teams, and often first to be cut when companies prioritize core product development over exploratory creative work.
3 evidence items
Approximately 55% of U.S. school districts (around 7,000 of 12,546) have either cut or massively decreased funding for arts education. Only 3.2% of the U.S. education budget is dedicated to the arts, and every 10 years, 20% of schools reduce their offerings in the field. With COVID-era American Rescue Plan funds expiring at the end of 2024, states are once again questioning the value of arts education, and proposed federal budget cuts of more than $4.5 billion below FY 2025 levels threaten further elimination of programs.
Approximately 3,000 new MFA holders graduate each year, competing for a sum total of roughly 102 tenure-track positions across fiction, poetry, non-fiction, and mixed categories. Non-funded MFA programs can cost $20,000 to $200,000 in tuition. Though the median annual salary for writers and authors is reported at $72,270, actual salaries range wildly from $11,500 to $259,000, with most early-career MFA graduates earning at the lower end while carrying significant student debt from their training.
74% of U.S. school districts had trouble filling open positions for the 2024-25 school year, and 86% of public schools struggle to hire educators. Average teacher weekly wages have been nearly flat since 1996, with the average annual salary of $68,000 falling 8% below the average for all U.S. workers. Only 30% of teachers consider the profession rewarding, and just 19% believe it is a sustainable career choice. Less than one-fifth of departing teachers are retiring — most cite low pay, heavy workload, and work-life balance as reasons for leaving.
2 evidence items
The publish-or-perish culture is driving a mental health crisis across academia. Early-career researchers, particularly PhD students, experience markedly higher levels of anxiety, depression, and emotional stress, with 20-50% of graduate students reporting symptoms of depression or anxiety -- rates up to six times greater than the general population. A study of biomedical doctoral students found anxiety disorders in 31.9%, mood disorders in 14.5%, and personality disorders in 11.6%. The pressure contributes to talent attrition, with promising researchers leaving the field citing burnout, toxic environments, or ethical concerns. Scholars from developing countries and non-English-speaking backgrounds face compounded challenges meeting global standards set by Western institutions without equivalent resources.
In 2025, 68% of all US faculty hold contingent appointments, with 49% working part-time -- up from 47% contingent in 1987. Adjunct faculty earn between $2,500 and $5,000 per course (some as low as $1,500), while tenured professors earn $85,000-$150,000+ annually. The vast majority of part-time faculty qualify for SNAP benefits (food stamps). In Florida, all eight adjunct faculty unions representing more than 8,000 professors were dissolved in 2024 under state law requiring 60% dues-paying membership. Many "part-time" faculty actually teach full-time course loads without benefits, healthcare, or job security, while the gig academy model shifts economic risk entirely onto individual workers.
2 evidence items
A study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences argues that current academic publishing incentives hinder scientific progress and knowledge sharing. The "publish or perish" ethos has created a crisis marked by quantity over quality, rising retraction rates, and questionable research practices including "citation cartels" where members agree to cite one another's work regardless of relevance, "citation hacking" through bot networks, and h-index gaming via massive self-citations. Journal impact factors, h-indices, and citation counts now dominate hiring, promotion, and funding decisions, leading to an atmosphere of constant anxiety that has produced severe mental health consequences for academics, particularly early-career researchers.
Source: Challenging 'publish or perish' culture -- researchers call for overhaul of academic publishingNearly 50% of PhD students drop out of their doctoral programs, with overall completion rates ten years after enrollment standing at just 56.6%. Attrition rates vary by field: humanities and social sciences see the highest attrition at approximately 51%, while science and technology students are 50% more likely to complete than health sciences students and more than twice as likely compared to humanities doctoral candidates. The dissertation phase represents the most critical dropout point, with many students abandoning years of research and writing. Financial pressures, isolation, mental health challenges, and the publish-or-perish environment all contribute to what has become one of the main challenges in doctoral education worldwide.
2 evidence items
A 365 Data Science study of 1,001 data scientist LinkedIn profiles across the US (35%), UK (25%), EU (25%), and India (15%) found that data scientists stay with their current employer for an average of just 1.7 years. A related survey of 600 data engineers found that 97% experienced burnout in their day-to-day work, with 79% considering leaving the industry entirely. The primary causes stem from organizational misunderstanding of the role, unrealistic analytics expectations, and the "data janitor" problem -- where professionals hired for advanced analysis spend up to 80% of their time on data cleaning and pipeline maintenance.
Despite headlines about AI growth, the data science job market has bifurcated dramatically. Tech companies laid off approximately 237,000 workers across 1,107 companies in 2024, with data and ML roles hit alongside broader engineering cuts. Companies are "no longer hiring ML engineers to 'figure out our AI strategy'" -- they want specialists who can ship production systems, creating a two-tier market where experienced practitioners command $185,000-$285,000 while entry-level data scientists face a saturated, contracting market. The paradox: organizations simultaneously claim they cannot find enough AI talent while eliminating data science positions in favor of automated ML pipelines and AI-as-a-service solutions.
1 evidence item
A study published by the Industrial Designers Society of America surveyed 90 design students and professionals and found that most participants experience creative burnout and have poor work-to-life balance caused by work pressure, personal expectations, fear of failure, and academic demands. The resulting symptoms include low motivation, anxiety, irritability, and extreme exhaustion. Interviewees reported enjoying the hands-on creative nature of design but disliking the competitiveness, high expectations, and perfectionism baked into design culture. Industry-wide, burnout accounts for 20–50% of worker turnover and costs employers 6–9 months' salary per replaced employee.
3 evidence items
Traditional prosthetics cost between USD 5,000 and USD 50,000, while 3D-printed alternatives can be produced for as little as USD 50, a cost reduction of up to 99%. The World Health Organization reports that only 5-15% of people in lower-income countries have access to prostheses, largely due to low availability of materials and high costs. While open-source communities and initiatives such as the WHO's 3D mobility programme (which brings open-source sockets to 9 countries) and new 3D prosthetics labs launched in Uganda and Kenya in Q3 2024 are expanding access, individual custom prosthetic designers face a sustainability paradox: the populations who need their expertise most cannot afford traditional pricing, while open-source alternatives threaten the viability of bespoke practices that require years of training and expensive materials.
Electronic component shortages and tariff pressures continue to squeeze small hardware makers in 2025. A 10% import tariff applies to most goods entering the United States, and while raw semiconductors are technically exempt, products containing semiconductors remain subject to tariffs. Goldman Sachs reports that tariffs on electronic components have reduced profit margins by an average of 3.2 percentage points across hardware manufacturers. Average selling prices for consumer electronics increased 8.7% year-over-year in Q1 2025, with entry-level products experiencing the sharpest increases at 12.3%. IDC supply chain analysts report that average lead times for specialised semiconductor components increased 43% between 2023 and early 2025. For independent hardware engineers building custom scientific instruments or IoT devices, these disruptions compound: longer lead times delay projects, higher component costs erode margins, and tariff unpredictability makes quoting fixed-price contracts nearly impossible.
Trade apprenticeship commencements in Australia declined by 5.4% in the year to December 2024, despite continued employment growth and strong demand for technicians and trades workers. This mirrors the UK pattern where intermediate apprenticeship starts have collapsed from 43% to 19% of all starts between 2017/18 and 2024/25. In the United States, the manufacturing sector faces a shortage so severe that 80% of employers report difficulty filling skilled trades roles, and America has one million fewer tradespeople than in 2007. The global convergence of apprenticeship decline across the US, UK, and Australia signals a systemic failure to reproduce the precision handwork skills essential to scientific instrument building, toolmaking, and bespoke hardware fabrication -- crafts that cannot be learned from textbooks or online courses and require years of supervised bench-level mentorship.
4 evidence items
In the UK, 90% of councils report planner shortages, with one in nine planning posts (11%) unfilled nationally. UNISON data identifies 884 vacancies across local authorities. Planners working for local planning authorities report feeling overstretched "several or more times a week," and the UK government's target of 1.5 million new homes requires an estimated 900 additional planning officers—three times the 300 the government has pledged to recruit. The result is chronic burnout among remaining staff who must cover for absent colleagues while processing ever-growing application backlogs.
An OECD policy report finds that local authorities oversee 40% of all public investment yet face the greatest adaptation funding constraints. For some low-income jurisdictions, assessed local adaptation needs can be 100 to 250 times larger than what aggregate national analyses estimate. Planners and environmental designers are tasked with implementing climate resilience plans—flood defenses, heat-island mitigation, green infrastructure—while the national funding and technical support they need to execute these mandates remains chronically insufficient, effectively making climate adaptation an unfunded mandate on the professionals closest to the ground.
Smaller communities often cannot afford a full-time planner, leaving planning boards composed entirely of volunteers to manage land use and development decisions. Some municipalities have experienced planning role vacancies lasting a year or more. Rural planners juggle multiple roles with slim budgets and limited technical support, while planning schools predominantly teach urban—not rural—planning, leaving graduates unprepared for small-town realities. Burnout is intensifying as land-use reform legislation increases demands on planners, but most departments have not increased their staff to match.
Source: PBN - Shortage of Planners Impeding MunicipalitiesA Council on Environmental Quality report shows that the average NEPA environmental review takes 4.5 years, with Environmental Impact Statements averaging 54 months and Federal Highway Administration EISs averaging over 7 years—with 25% taking longer than six years. Transportation projects from Notice of Intent to Record of Decision average 6.1 years. For planners and environmental designers, this means years of professional effort invested in projects that may be redesigned, defunded, or abandoned before breaking ground, creating a uniquely demoralizing cycle where the tangible results of one's work may never materialize within a normal career span.
2 evidence items
The University of Toronto's Master of Science in Biomedical Communications program — one of only five accredited programs globally — published a reflection on AI's impact titled "Catastrophe or Opportunity?" that captured the existential anxiety pervading the profession. Students investing two years of intensive graduate study and significant tuition face a future where AI can generate medical-style images in seconds, raising the question of whether their specialized education will retain market value. The article framed the tension between AI as a productivity tool and AI as a replacement, noting that the profession's small size (fewer than 2,000 practitioners) means it lacks the political or economic clout to influence policy or resist market disruption the way larger creative fields might.
The UK's Institute of Medical Illustrators, which has maintained professional standards since 1968, represents a profession under institutional pressure across the NHS and academic medicine. Medical illustration departments within hospitals historically employed staff illustrators, photographers, and graphic designers who worked alongside clinicians to produce accurate surgical documentation, patient education materials, and teaching resources. As healthcare systems face budget constraints, these in-house departments are increasingly consolidated, outsourced, or eliminated — forcing specialized dental illustrators, ophthalmic artists, and other healthcare visual creators into freelance work without the institutional support, steady income, or collaborative clinical access that produces the highest-quality medical visuals.
Source: IMI - Institute of Medical Illustrators1 evidence item
Research on art therapy students reveals that burnout — characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and diminished personal accomplishment — begins during graduate training, not just in professional practice. Art therapy practicum students experience significant stress from clinical demands compounded by academic workload and financial strain. Across the broader helping professions, between 40% and 85% of practitioners develop vicarious trauma or compassion fatigue at least once in their career, and SAMHSA reported that over 50% of behavioral health providers experienced burnout in the prior year. The 97% female composition of the art therapy workforce adds gendered pay and caregiving burdens to these occupational hazards.
2 evidence items
The WHO projected a global shortage of 18 million health workers by 2030, later revised to 10-11 million based on current trajectories. A 6.5-fold difference in health workforce density exists between high-income and low-income countries, with the WHO African and Eastern Mediterranean regions' shortages projected to decrease by only 7% and 15% respectively. This global crisis means health educators in low-income countries face impossible workloads, while those in high-income countries contend with burnout as they are stretched to fill gaps. The shortage drives a brain drain where trained health educators migrate from countries that desperately need them to those that can pay more, undermining health education capacity in the communities most at risk.
The proposed FY 2026 federal budget would cut CDC funding by 42-53%, eliminating over 60 CDC programs and 40 SAMHSA programs — including cancer, diabetes, heart disease, stroke prevention, obesity prevention, global HIV/AIDS prevention, and opioid recovery programs. An estimated 42,000 public health jobs would be lost nationwide. These cuts directly eliminate the institutional infrastructure that employs health educators, funds their programs, and distributes their materials. Community-based training programs — including CPR/first aid instruction that depends on public health funding — face elimination alongside the educational campaigns, community health curricula, and disease prevention resources developed by public health content creators.
2 evidence items
According to the American Bar Association, nearly 70% of attorneys have experienced burnout at some point in their careers. A 2024 Bloomberg Law Survey reported that lawyers feel burnout 37-51% of the time depending on position. The NALP Foundation found that 82% of associates who left their firms in 2023 did so within five years of hiring -- an all-time high -- with attrition costing firms between $200,000 and $500,000 per lawyer lost. While public interest lawyers report higher satisfaction scores (8-9 out of 10), they face unique burnout drivers: crushing caseloads, secondary trauma from clients in crisis, and the knowledge that the pay gap with private practice grows wider every year they remain in service.
Fortune reported that DOGE-related downstream impacts were cited as the reason for 6,945 job losses, largely at non-profits and education organizations. When contract workers and downstream impacts are included, DOGE-related activities could ultimately affect nearly 1 million jobs across federal contractors, universities, hospitals, research institutes, and non-profits. NIH faces proposed cuts of 35%, while roughly 10,109 STEM experts left federal jobs in 2025 -- representing 14% of all Ph.D.s employed at the end of 2024. For think tank researchers and policy organizations dependent on federal grants, contracts, and data access, these cuts threaten both the funding pipeline and the government data infrastructure that underpins policy research.
2 evidence items
Research by Howard Aldrich tracking the entire US makerspace population from 2005 to 2024 reveals systematic infrastructure collapse. Of 49 commercial makerspaces operating in 2018, 22 had closed by early 2024 -- a 45% attrition rate. Only 21% of the 134 informal maker clubs survived to 2018, and zero new clubs were founded after that year. Nonprofit makerspace founding peaked at 42 per year in 2013 but collapsed to just 11 total since the pandemic. The bankruptcy of TechShop in 2018, the closure of Make Magazine in 2019, and the cancellation of the New York City Maker Faire marked the symbolic end of the infrastructure boom. Hardware makers who depend on shared equipment -- CNC machines, 3D printers, soldering stations, oscilloscopes -- are losing the physical spaces that made prototyping affordable.
CNN Money's landmark analysis found that 84% of Kickstarter's top projects shipped late, with hardware projects suffering the worst delays due to manufacturing complexity. Subsequent academic research confirmed the pattern persists: a 2024 study found approximately 61% of all Kickstarter campaigns experience delivery delays. Hardware creators face a compounding stress cycle -- manufacturing delays trigger backer anger, which triggers creator anxiety, which impairs decision-making on already-complex production problems. The DTU Science Park study documented at least one hardware creator hospitalized for depression after campaign success overwhelmed their production capacity. The gap between crowdfunding promise and manufacturing reality creates a mental health crisis specific to hardware creators.
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A comprehensive review published in the Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology found that desktop 3D printers emit hazardous volatile organic compounds including carcinogens, irritants, and reproductive and developmental toxins --- specifically aromatics, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, esters, and siloxanes. Ultrafine particles (under 100 nm) penetrate deep into the respiratory tract and can enter the bloodstream, causing systemic inflammation linked to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and nervous system dysfunction. Despite these documented risks, most home-based and small-studio 3D printing creators work without enclosures, filtration, or the minimum 4 air exchanges per hour recommended by UL 2904 safety standards --- and children in educational makerspaces represent a particularly vulnerable population.
3 evidence items
The Bureau of Labor Statistics classifies museum technicians and conservators under a single occupational code, with the broader category of archivists, curators, and museum workers totaling only about 40,200 jobs nationwide in 2024. Within this already small category, professional art conservators number fewer than 1,000 in the United States. Entry requires a master's degree from one of only five accredited US graduate conservation programs—admission to which is intensely competitive and requires extensive pre-program coursework in chemistry, studio art, and art history, plus hundreds of hours of supervised conservation experience. The final year of the three-to-four-year program is a full-time unpaid or low-paid internship, creating a financial barrier that limits the profession to those who can afford years of deferred income.
Independent single-shop closures reached nearly 800 in 2024, as the collision repair industry experienced declining revenues, rising costs, and rapid consolidation among corporate operators. A 2024 ACA study found that one in five repairs are sent to dealerships due to manufacturer repair data restrictions, costing consumers an estimated $3 billion in added repair expenses. More than half of independent shops surveyed send one to five vehicles to dealers every month because they cannot access the proprietary diagnostic information needed to complete repairs. This consolidation pattern mirrors broader trends across repair sectors: manufacturer lock-out concentrates repair revenue in authorized channels while independent specialists—who often serve niche, specialized, or lower-cost markets—are systematically squeezed out.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that musical instrument repairers and tuners constitute a micro-profession, with a worldwide shortage of qualified technicians despite high demand wherever instruments are played. Formal training pathways are limited: only a handful of accredited programs exist, including the Piano Technology master's programs at Florida State University and Oberlin Conservatory, and Berklee College of Music's minor in Instrument Repair. The apprenticeship model—the traditional route into the trade—has become difficult to access, as fewer working shops have the capacity to take on trainees. Despite the shortage creating strong job prospects (one technician reported receiving 31 job offers after sending 27 resumes), the limited training pipeline cannot scale to meet demand, threatening the maintenance infrastructure that keeps orchestras, schools, and individual musicians playing.
1 evidence item
95% of nonprofit leaders cited burnout as a major organizational challenge in 2024, with 76% reporting that staff burnout is impacting their ability to achieve their mission. Almost 60% of nonprofit leaders identify staff-related concerns — including losing staff to organizations with more competitive pay, general lack of capacity, and burnout — as their biggest challenge. In 2022, 22% of nonprofit employees lived in households unable to afford necessities like housing and healthcare, with the financial strain disproportionately impacting racial and ethnic minority workers in social assistance roles.
3 evidence items
Barna Group research found that 42% of U.S. pastors seriously considered quitting full-time ministry in 2022, up 13 percentage points from 29% in January 2021. The top reasons were the immense stress of the job (56%), loneliness and isolation (43%), and current political divisions (38%). While the figure has since declined to 24% in 2024, it remains historically elevated. The data reveals a profession where the primary content creators -- those who write sermons, lead worship, and produce religious media weekly -- are burning out at crisis levels, threatening the pipeline of original spiritual content.
Small churches face an existential viability crisis that directly threatens the creators who serve them. In 2000, 45% of U.S. churches had fewer than 100 in weekly attendance; that figure has now climbed to 65%. Analysts project approximately 15,000 church closures in 2025 alone. Small congregations spend 40-50% of their budget on physical plant and utilities before any staff compensation. Churches in the 50-75 member range represent a "particularly vulnerable segment," with many unable to support any paid creative staff -- no sermon writer, no musician, no educator receives compensation. As these congregations close, the spiritual content creators they supported lose their platforms, audiences, and livelihoods simultaneously.
Worship Leader Magazine reports that burnout, performance pressure, shifting cultural values, and post-pandemic disillusionment have created a "perfect storm" pushing worship pastors and music directors out of ministry. Over 40% of pastors have seriously considered quitting full-time ministry since 2020, with worship leaders particularly vulnerable because they serve as "spiritual leaders, performers, managers, creative directors, and tech support" simultaneously. The stigma around mental health in ministry forces many worship leaders to "silently suffer through their battles with depression." Church volunteerism dropped from 40% of membership in early 2020 to 20% by March 2022, placing additional creative and logistical burdens on remaining worship staff.
2 evidence items
In March 2025, an executive order directed the elimination of the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS), the only federal agency dedicated to funding library and museum services. IMLS awarded $266.7 million to museums, libraries, and archives in 2024—just $0.75 per capita, or 0.003% of the federal budget. Grant terminations hit California, Connecticut, and Washington, with Washington's State Librarian reporting cuts amounting to a third of the State Library's budget, especially impacting rural and underserved communities. States attested in court that terminated grants and missed payments were leading to staff cuts and shuttered programs. While a December 2025 court ruling reinstated canceled grants, the months of disruption devastated ongoing preservation and archival projects.
As of October 2020, 53% of 850 surveyed museums had furloughed or laid off staff. The MFA Boston furloughed more than 300 staff members—approximately 40% of its workforce. The Met laid off 20% of its staff, and the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles let go of almost 100 part-time workers, more than half its workforce. Researchers estimated that 42% of pandemic-era layoffs would result in permanent job losses. The long-term brain drain continues: in January 2026, the MFA Boston announced 33 additional layoffs amid a rising deficit and restructuring. Workers at unionized cultural institutions experienced 28% fewer job cuts on average, while part-time and minority workers were disproportionately affected.
3 evidence items
Equal Times reported that translators have been on the frontline of tech-induced job degradation for decades, with each new technology adding layers of complexity, dehumanization, and loss of control over working conditions. Many translators were already underpaid and precariously employed before the AI boom, and have now seen dramatic income drops. Some received no work requests at all in mid-2025, while others found that 90% of remaining job requests were for post-editing machine translations. Technology, masquerading as progress, steers the profession toward an "ultra-capitalist logic, where profitability takes precedence over quality -- and where the worker is not at the centre, or even part of the equation."
A peer-reviewed study of Spanish sign language interpreters found that close to 70% suffer from musculoskeletal disorders serious enough to modify their activities and affect both work quality and quality of life. Symptoms were most prevalent in the neck (73.6%) and hand/wrist (69.6%) regions. An earlier study found that 87.5% of sign language interpreters reported experiencing at least two symptoms associated with repetitive strain injury (RSI). Beyond physical injuries, interpreters face secondary traumatic stress, vicarious trauma, and workplace violence -- contributing to high rates of burnout and early departure from the profession, which in turn exacerbates the international shortage of signed language interpreters.
Research on Chinese simultaneous interpreters found that occupational stress positively predicted turnover intentions, with burnout acting as a significant mediator. A broader study found that 85% of interpreters suffered from high stress levels, with 45% indicating that over 40% of the stress in their lives was work-related. Conference interpreters experience physical symptoms (exhaustion, headaches), emotional symptoms (irritability, depression), and cognitive symptoms (decreased concentration, impaired memory). The high cognitive load of processing language in real-time, managing multiple stimuli, and sustaining intense concentration for extended periods creates chronic mental fatigue that drives interpreters out of the profession.
2 evidence items
A systematic scoping review of 42 studies found that 41.2% of elite coaches met probable caseness criteria for a diagnosable psychological condition, with 13.9% reporting high to very high psychological distress. Coach burnout was the primary mental health focus across the literature. Risk factors include lack of life balance, performance-based stressors (poor athlete commitment, poor performance preparation), organizational stressors (unclear roles, conflict), and personal challenges such as missing children's education and prolonged periods away from home. Despite these alarming rates, mental health support infrastructure for coaches remains virtually nonexistent.
Annual turnover rates for personal trainers climb as high as 80%, with the majority quitting within their first year. Key drivers include exploitative pay structures where some gyms retain 75% of training revenue while trainers keep only 25%, physically strenuous work conditions, constant pressure to meet sales and performance targets, and difficulty building a sustainable client base. Trainers invest $500 to $2,000 in certifications (NASM, ACE, or ISSA), $150 to $400 annually in liability insurance, and ongoing continuing education costs — only to face an industry where the median salary is approximately $45,380 and career longevity is exceptionally rare.
2 evidence items
Cartographers and photogrammetrists held only about 13,400 jobs in all of the United States in 2024, making cartography one of the smallest recognized professions. The BLS projects roughly 1,000 annual openings over the next decade — a figure that includes both new positions and replacements. The median annual wage was $78,380, but the lowest-paid quartile earned just $62,860. With so few positions nationally, individual cartographers face extreme geographic concentration of opportunity and intense competition for a vanishingly small number of roles, leaving independent and freelance cartographers with almost no market cushion.
The University of Wisconsin-Madison — one of the most prominent cartography and GIS programs in the United States — announced that admissions to its online GIS certificates and degree programs will be suspended beginning with the Summer 2025 semester. Meanwhile, dedicated bachelor's and master's degree programs focused exclusively on cartography are "relatively rare" nationally, with most cartography education now folded into broader GIS or geography programs. Analysts have warned that "future shortages in cartography, photogrammetry, and geodesy seem likely because the number of graduates is too small (tens to hundreds)" to meet institutional demand, signaling a profession that is losing its educational infrastructure even as the need for skilled cartographic judgment grows.
Source: The Future of the UW-Madison GIS Professional Programs - University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Geography1 evidence item
Up to 60% of patients with olfactory loss report needing to adjust their professional position, while 5% must shift careers entirely. One-third of anosmic individuals suffer from clinical depression. For perfumers, flavorists, and sensory designers, whose entire profession depends on olfactory acuity, even partial smell loss (hyposmia) can be career-ending. Olfactory fatigue from prolonged chemical exposure is an occupational reality, and there are no industry-standard protections, disability accommodations, or insurance frameworks specifically addressing the risk that sensory creators face of losing the very sense that defines their livelihood.
2 evidence items
TTRPG designers face endemic precarity defined as "the amount of time you spend one decision away from ruin." Even successful designers endure lives filled with hustle, creative compromise, and financial instability. The only avenues to security are releasing a game that becomes famous, booking dozens of hours of freelance work on top of personal design work, or maintaining a day job. Freelance TTRPG writers earn between $0.03 and $0.06 per word from most publishers, with only rare outliers paying up to $0.21 per word. This precarity harms game design quality itself, forcing money-based decisions over creative ones, preventing long-term game support, and concentrating resources with major publishers who can afford to pay steady wages.
The Red Sea shipping crisis caused by Houthi militant attacks more than tripled the cost of container shipping from China since November 2023, adding two to three weeks to journey times as vessels rerouted around the southern tip of Africa. Board game publishers shipping from China to the UK and EU were particularly badly affected. As many as 84% of Kickstarter projects already fulfil rewards late, and the shipping crisis compounded delays and costs for creators who had already locked in backer pricing. Independent designers who budgeted shipping costs during their campaigns faced the choice of absorbing massive losses or asking backers for additional money, damaging trust and future crowdfunding viability.
1 evidence item
Florists face extreme seasonal swings: peak periods around Valentine's Day, Mother's Day, Christmas, and wedding season create crushing workloads, while summer and post-holiday months bring income droughts. Most florists have "at one time or another hit the wall of physical exhaustion" from their work. The profession demands simultaneously being artists, business owners, event planners, and customer service experts, and while managing all these roles, it is easy to neglect mental and emotional well-being. Long hours, weekend and holiday work, and missing family events contribute to chronic burnout and high attrition from the profession.
Source: EveryStem - How to Avoid Burnout in Peak Wedding Season as a Florist2 evidence items
One-third of American museums have lost government grants and contracts since President Trump took office, according to a survey by the American Alliance of Museums (AAM). Two-thirds of the affected institutions have not been able to replace lost funding, with the median grant loss at $30,000. The administration proposed eliminating the NEA, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the Institute of Museum and Library Services entirely. At the Florida Museum of Natural History, the futures of more than two dozen employees became uncertain when the reconstruction budget was slashed from $30 million to $20 million. These cuts disproportionately affect behind-the-scenes roles like preparators, model makers, and conservators, who are typically the first positions frozen or eliminated.
Museum preparators and taxidermists routinely handle specimens treated with arsenic, mercuric chloride, paradichlorobenzene, DDT, and formaldehyde, a known human carcinogen. The Smithsonian's safety manual documents that collections may contain chemical, biological, and physical hazards either inherent to the specimen or acquired through post-collection preparation and treatment. Ethanol and formalin are standard preservatives in natural history collections. The CDC documented a case where Natural History Museum workers in Colorado suffered DDT exposures from handling treated specimens. Engineering controls such as fume hoods and downdraft tables are required when examining hazardous specimens, yet many smaller institutions lack adequate ventilation, PPE budgets, or occupational health monitoring for preparators.
Source: Smithsonian Institution - Collection-Based Hazards (Chapter 24)2 evidence items
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics does not track calligrapher salaries specifically, reporting only a median of $49,120 for "craft and fine artists" — a broad category that obscures the reality of calligraphy income. Full-time calligraphers report significant month-to-month revenue volatility, with many requiring part-time supplementary employment while still considering calligraphy their primary profession. Workshops, which serve as a main income source for many calligraphers, have experienced periods of reduced attendance. The BLS projects little to no job growth for craft and fine artists through 2029, with demand "highly depending on the economy and whether people want to spend money on these services."
The University of Reading's MA Typeface Design programme — one of the world's most prestigious, housed in a department where 100% of research is judged of international standing — charges international students £26,450 per year for 2026/27, with fees increasing annually by up to 4%. Comparable U.S. programmes at Letterform Archive's Type West cost $3,275 per term, while Cooper Union's certificate programme runs approximately $1,060 for 10 weeks. Yet independent type designers can expect median earnings of $55,007–$60,127 per year, with typeface royalties from platforms like MyFonts yielding highly variable income after the platform's 50% commission. The mismatch between education investment and likely career returns deters new entrants from a field that requires years of specialised training.
2 evidence items
The first peer-reviewed study to quantify stunt performers' head trauma found that 80% of 173 surveyed performers reported at least one head impact or head whip during their career, with 86% exhibiting concussion-like symptoms and 38% receiving one or more concussion diagnoses. Unlike professional athletes who receive mandatory baseline testing, sideline evaluations, and return-to-play protocols, stunt performers have no equivalent healthcare infrastructure. The study concluded that stunt performers are "underserved regarding their injuries and healthcare access, especially for concussions," with no qualified on-set medical professionals to evaluate or treat brain injuries.
A qualitative study of stunt performers across multiple countries found systemic barriers to injury self-reporting, including a prevailing "cowboy culture" that stigmatizes vulnerability, pressure from supervisors, directors, and producers to continue working, and fear of losing future employment. Performers cited not realizing the seriousness of head injuries and their long-term consequences as a key factor. The study called for "workplace improvements that include specialized healthcare and mental health support, particularly as it relates to occupational head trauma." In Australia, the Australian Stunts Organisation has begun developing a dedicated support facility to help performers struggling financially to maintain fitness, recover from injuries, and access training.
Source: PMC / Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology - Stunt Performers' Reluctance to Self-Report Head Trauma: A Qualitative StudyThese discipline pages currently carry the strongest concentration of evidence for this issue.
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